{"id":1312,"date":"2022-10-10T23:25:20","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T03:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ebnet.us\/?p=1312"},"modified":"2022-10-10T23:25:23","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T03:25:23","slug":"add-drives-to-a-linux-raid-for-more-storage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ebnet.us\/index.php\/2022\/10\/10\/add-drives-to-a-linux-raid-for-more-storage\/","title":{"rendered":"Add drives to a Linux RAID for more storage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My 6 Terabyte 4 drive RAID 5 array was starting to get tight on space. Upgrading the motherboard to a <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3CP7X4W\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow sponsored\">GIGABYTE X570 AORUS ELITE<\/a> gave me 6 SATA ports so I could finally populate the the two empty bays in my <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3ek9Vk6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow sponsored\">6 bay ICY Dock<\/a> enclosure. I&#8217;m adding two <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3EtB92w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow sponsored\">Seagate BarraCuda 2TB 2.5 inch Internal Hard Drives<\/a> to an existing 4 drive RAID 5 array using the same drives. Here&#8217;s how to add drives to a Linux RAID<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">List your drives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo fdisk -l                                                                                                                                                                         \uf489 bash\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/nvme0n1: 465.76 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors\nDisk model: Samsung SSD 970 EVO 500GB               \nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: 2FCD7A4E-17E5-4AB9-98B8-35096B48D597\n\nDevice           Start       End   Sectors   Size Type\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p1    2048   1050623   1048576   512M EFI System\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p2 1050624 976771071 975720448 465.3G Linux LVM\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors\nDisk model: ST2000LM015-2E81\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 4096 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors\nDisk model: ST2000LM015-2E81\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 4096 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdc: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors\nDisk model: ST2000LM015-2E81\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 4096 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: 443C6298-2A04-43C3-AF58-69AE4C7B2EF4\n\nDevice     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type\n\/dev\/sdc1   2048 3907029134 3907027087  1.8T Linux RAID\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdd: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors\nDisk model: ST2000LM015-2E81\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 4096 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: CE55305E-34EE-4C89-8004-425D3A104E2A\n\nDevice     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type\n\/dev\/sdd1   2048 3907029134 3907027087  1.8T Linux RAID\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/sde: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors\nDisk model: ST2000LM015-2E81\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 4096 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: D95B8806-7C60-4541-ABE0-2EF71C18C34B\n\nDevice     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type\n\/dev\/sde1   2048 3907029134 3907027087  1.8T Linux RAID\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdf: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors\nDisk model: ST2000LM015-2E81\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 4096 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: EFA00AD8-6DBB-4B16-9572-5736E88361DB\n\nDevice     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type\n\/dev\/sdf1   2048 3907029134 3907027087  1.8T Linux RAID\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/mapper\/vgubuntu-root: 464.3 GiB, 498539167744 bytes, 973709312 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/mapper\/vgubuntu-swap_1: 980 MiB, 1027604480 bytes, 2007040 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\n\n\nDisk \/dev\/md0: 5.46 TiB, 6000787587072 bytes, 11720288256 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 524288 bytes \/ 1572864 bytes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">As you can see \/dev\/sda and \/dev\/sdb are empty so these are the drives we will be using. If you&#8217;re reusing drives that already have a partition this might be a little trickier to figure out<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Label your new drives to match drives in array<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo parted -s -a optimal \/dev\/sda mklabel gpt\nsudo parted -s -a optimal \/dev\/sdb mklabel gpt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dump partition table from an existing array member to a new drive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo sfdisk -d \/dev\/sdc | sfdisk \/dev\/sda                                                                                                                                             \uf489 bash\nChecking that no-one is using this disk right now ... OK\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors\nDisk model: ST2000LM015-2E81\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 4096 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: 0BC1639C-FBFD-4EBB-AF2E-47235065F95C\n\nOld situation:\n\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 443C6298-2A04-43C3-AF58-69AE4C7B2EF4).\n\/dev\/sda1: Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux RAID' and of size 1.8 TiB.\n\/dev\/sda2: Done.\n\nNew situation:\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: 443C6298-2A04-43C3-AF58-69AE4C7B2EF4\n\nDevice     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type\n\/dev\/sda1   2048 3907029134 3907027087  1.8T Linux RAID\n\nThe partition table has been altered.\nCalling ioctl() to re-read partition table.\nRe-reading the partition table failed.: Permission denied\nThe kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or partx(8).\nSyncing disks.\n\nsudo sfdisk -d \/dev\/sdc | sfdisk \/dev\/sdb\nChecking that no-one is using this disk right now ... OK\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors\nDisk model: ST2000LM015-2E81\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 4096 bytes \/ 4096 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: B5DDD383-90DB-4375-917C-F0F8C2F6B47B\n\nOld situation:\n\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Script header accepted.\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 443C6298-2A04-43C3-AF58-69AE4C7B2EF4).\n\/dev\/sdb1: Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux RAID' and of size 1.8 TiB.\n\/dev\/sdb2: Done.\n\nNew situation:\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: 443C6298-2A04-43C3-AF58-69AE4C7B2EF4\n\nDevice     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type\n\/dev\/sdb1   2048 3907029134 3907027087  1.8T Linux RAID\n\nThe partition table has been altered.\nCalling ioctl() to re-read partition table.\nRe-reading the partition table failed.: Permission denied\nThe kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or partx(8).\nSyncing disks.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enable the partition table on the new drive(s)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo partprobe<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Check the details of your existing array<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mdadm --detail \/dev\/md0\n\/dev\/md0:\n           Version : 1.2\n     Creation Time : Sun Jul 26 19:55:30 2020\n        Raid Level : raid5\n        Array Size : 5860144128 (5.46 TiB 6.00 TB)\n     Used Dev Size : 1953381376 (1862.89 GiB 2000.26 GB)\n      Raid Devices : 4\n     Total Devices : 4\n       Persistence : Superblock is persistent\n\n     Intent Bitmap : Internal\n\n       Update Time : Thu Oct  6 00:55:31 2022\n             State : clean \n    Active Devices : 4\n   Working Devices : 4\n    Failed Devices : 0\n     Spare Devices : 0\n\n            Layout : left-symmetric\n        Chunk Size : 512K\n\nConsistency Policy : bitmap\n\n              Name : skynet:0\n              UUID : 81dd659c:69c9247e:7f0a404a:5a2db2f1\n            Events : 109863\n\n    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State\n       0       8       49        0      active sync   \/dev\/sdd1\n       1       8       33        1      active sync   \/dev\/sdc1\n       2       8       65        2      active sync   \/dev\/sde1\n       4       8       81        3      active sync   \/dev\/sdf1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Add drives to a Linux RAID array<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mdadm --add \/dev\/md0 \/dev\/sda1                                                                                                                                                   \uf489 bash\nmdadm: added \/dev\/sda1\n\nsudo mdadm --add \/dev\/md0 \/dev\/sdb1                                                                                                                                                  \uf489 bash\nmdadm: added \/dev\/sdb1\n\nsudo mdadm --detail \/dev\/md0                                                                                                                                            \uf489 bash\n\/dev\/md0:\n           Version : 1.2\n     Creation Time : Sun Jul 26 19:55:30 2020\n        Raid Level : raid5\n        Array Size : 5860144128 (5.46 TiB 6.00 TB)\n     Used Dev Size : 1953381376 (1862.89 GiB 2000.26 GB)\n      Raid Devices : 4\n     Total Devices : 6\n       Persistence : Superblock is persistent\n\n     Intent Bitmap : Internal\n\n       Update Time : Thu Oct  6 00:56:40 2022\n             State : clean \n    Active Devices : 4\n   Working Devices : 6\n    Failed Devices : 0\n     Spare Devices : 2\n\n            Layout : left-symmetric\n        Chunk Size : 512K\n\nConsistency Policy : bitmap\n\n              Name : skynet:0\n              UUID : 81dd659c:69c9247e:7f0a404a:5a2db2f1\n            Events : 109865\n\n    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State\n       0       8       49        0      active sync   \/dev\/sdd1\n       1       8       33        1      active sync   \/dev\/sdc1\n       2       8       65        2      active sync   \/dev\/sde1\n       4       8       81        3      active sync   \/dev\/sdf1\n\n       5       8        1        -      spare   \/dev\/sda1\n       6       8       17        -      spare   \/dev\/sdb1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Notice the drives have been added as spares<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grow the array<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mdadm --grow \/dev\/md0 --raid-devices=6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Watch the progress of the rebuild<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo watch cat \/proc\/mdstat<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">This will take awhile (about 60 hours for me)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1002\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ebnet.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/mdstat.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ebnet.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/mdstat.jpg 1002w, https:\/\/www.ebnet.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/mdstat-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ebnet.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/mdstat-768x422.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1002px) 100vw, 1002px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resize the filesystem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now that we have grown the &#8220;physical&#8221; drive, we still need to expand the filesystem so the OS can use the added storage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo resize2fs \/dev\/md0\nresize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)\nFilesystem at \/dev\/md0 is mounted on \/mnt\/md0; on-line resizing required\nold_desc_blocks = 699, new_desc_blocks = 1165\nThe filesystem on \/dev\/md0 is now 2441726720 (4k) blocks long.<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My 6 Terabyte 4 drive RAID 5 array was starting to get tight on space. Upgrading the motherboard to a GIGABYTE X570 AORUS ELITE gave me 6 SATA ports so I could finally populate the the two empty bays in my 6 bay ICY Dock enclosure. I&#8217;m adding two Seagate BarraCuda 2TB 2.5 inch Internal&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,28,25],"tags":[68,40,35,34],"class_list":["post-1312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hardware","category-linux","category-software","tag-adadm","tag-home-lab","tag-raid","tag-storage"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.ebnet.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/PXL_20221011_030516069-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Ed Brandon","author_link":"https:\/\/www.ebnet.us\/index.php\/author\/bigeb\/"},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"My 6 Terabyte 4 drive RAID 5 array was starting to get tight on space. 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Upgrading the motherboard to a GIGABYTE X570 AORUS ELITE gave me 6 SATA ports so I could finally populate the the two empty bays in my 6 bay ICY Dock enclosure. 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